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浅谈英语中的替代

2015-12-29 09:26:30 来源: 人气:732

替代是一种避免重复的连接上下文的手段。在英语中主要有三种替代现象:名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代;同理,替代词也分为名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代词。此外还有状语的替代。

  一、名词性替代

  用名词性替代词one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。

  1.名词性替代词

  例1The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book)

  例2His novel is a bad one for children. (one = novel)

  2.某些不定代词

  在名词性替代中还可以用一些不定代词来替代。如all, both, some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the ) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either等。例如:

  I don't want any more food. I’ve had enough.

  3. one ones是最常见的替代词

  one的复数形式是ones. one ones作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词, 不可用来替代不可数名词。例如:

  1The grey horse is stronger than the black one.

  2The new design is much better than the old ones.

  4.名词性物主代词mineyours

  名词性物主代词mine, yours等可用来代替my +名词,your +名词等,例如:

  “Whose is that coat? Its mine.

  二、动词性替代

  用动词替代词dodo so等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。

  1.谓语的替代形式

  do是谓语的替代形式,有时态和人称的变化。例如:

  1Some people like a shower after they have played tennis. Peter does, for example.

  2John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.

  2.由doso等组成的复合替代形式

  (1)“so +助动词+主语”。例如:

   Mary will enter the university in September. So will Joan.

  (2)“so +主语+助动词”。例如:

  “I’ve been to Beijing. “So you have.

  注:这种结构中第二句的主语与第一句的主语是同一个人,否则应像“so +助动词+主语”的结构一样,主谓要倒装。


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